NATURAL SELECTION
Charles Darwin belived that nature chose what animals looked like/ what trats they had.
Example: There is a breed of bird on an island and the main sorce of food on the islan is nuts. And some birds have beeks that are slightly bigger than the rest of the birds. The birds with the bigger beeks live because they can crack the hard shell to the nuts. Since thies birds lived they get to reproduce and pass on their big beek jean to the future generations of birds.
THE DISCOVERY OF NATURAL SELECTION
Charles Darwin came up with the idea of natural selection after comeing home from a long 5 year voyage around the world on the Beagle. While Darwin is in the Galapagos Islands he collected 13 varieties of Fintchs. He noticed that the fintches looked vary similar to the type of Fintch that lived on the mainland of South America. He discovered that all the Fintches from the Galapagose descended from the Fintch that lived in South America, and the reason the Galapagos Fintches were different for the South American Fintch was because they were eash indovisualy fitted for the enviorment on their island.
Example: there is a type of Fintch that lives in the Galapagose that is called the Vampire Fintch. The one island that this Fintch lives on is full of Seals. There is no other sore of food on the island except for the Seals. So the Fintchs beaks evolved into thies long, pointy, sharp beaks that they uses to pearce the Seals bluber and get to its blood, so the Fintch can eat. Remember natural selection took place as the Vampire Fintch whent from an nut eating bird to a blood bricking bird. The Fintches with the longer/sharper beaks could get to the Seals blood better than the Fintches with the shorter beaks. Thows Fintches with the shorter breeks died because they could not access their food sorce. The Fintchs with the longer beaks lived and were able to bread and pass on their long beak jean to their offspring.
Thursday, September 27, 2012
- Darwin's theory of evolution was very unorthodox. Went against all churches and former history in the UK.
- All forms of life on earth evolved from a single branch of life.
- Darwin made this discovery through his exploration of the Gallpagos islands.
- he examined the different species of finch and how their beaks were relative to the food that they ate
- He also founded the theory of natural selection, which he thought was the key to evolution. In the struggle for existence, those individuals with favorable variations would survive and reproduce, but those with unfavorable variations wouldn't.
He had a list of basic processed that goes as follows:
1. All species are capable of producing offspring at a faster rate than food supplies increase.
2. There is biological variation within all species.
3. Since in each generation more offspring are produced then can survive, and because of limited resources, there is competition among individuals.
4. Individuals who possess favorable variations or traits (for example, speed, resistance to disease, protective coloration) have an advantage over those who don't have them. In other words, they have greater fitness because favorable traits increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.
5. The environmental context determines wether or not a trait is beneficial. What is favorable in one setting may be liability in another. Consequently, the traits that become most advantageous are the results of a natural process.
6. Traits are inherited and passed on to the next generation. Because individuals who possess favorable traits contribute more offspring to the next generation than others do, over time, those favorable traits become more common in the population. Less favorable characteristics aren't
Passed as frequently, so they become less common overtime and are weeded out. Individuals who producd more offspring in comparison to others are said to have greater reproductive success or fitness.
7. Over long periods of geological time, successful variations accumulate in a population, so that later generations may be distant from ancestral ones. Thus, in time, a new species may appear.
- All forms of life on earth evolved from a single branch of life.
- Darwin made this discovery through his exploration of the Gallpagos islands.
- he examined the different species of finch and how their beaks were relative to the food that they ate
- He also founded the theory of natural selection, which he thought was the key to evolution. In the struggle for existence, those individuals with favorable variations would survive and reproduce, but those with unfavorable variations wouldn't.
He had a list of basic processed that goes as follows:
1. All species are capable of producing offspring at a faster rate than food supplies increase.
2. There is biological variation within all species.
3. Since in each generation more offspring are produced then can survive, and because of limited resources, there is competition among individuals.
4. Individuals who possess favorable variations or traits (for example, speed, resistance to disease, protective coloration) have an advantage over those who don't have them. In other words, they have greater fitness because favorable traits increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.
5. The environmental context determines wether or not a trait is beneficial. What is favorable in one setting may be liability in another. Consequently, the traits that become most advantageous are the results of a natural process.
6. Traits are inherited and passed on to the next generation. Because individuals who possess favorable traits contribute more offspring to the next generation than others do, over time, those favorable traits become more common in the population. Less favorable characteristics aren't
Passed as frequently, so they become less common overtime and are weeded out. Individuals who producd more offspring in comparison to others are said to have greater reproductive success or fitness.
7. Over long periods of geological time, successful variations accumulate in a population, so that later generations may be distant from ancestral ones. Thus, in time, a new species may appear.
Friday, September 14, 2012
Linguistic anthropology
- the study of human speech and language
- linguists have been able to trace historical ties between languages and groups of languages thus facilitating the identification of language families and perhaps past relationships between human populations
- Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds.
There are three paradigms:
Anthropological linguistics - Documentation of languages thought at the time to be extinct. This focused on grammatical description and Typological classification.
Ethnography - Focusing mainly on speech. More specifically the speech event., which is a situation in which speech may or may not occur.
Issues studied via data and linguistic methods - Investigation of social identities, broadly shared ideologies, and the construction and uses of narrative in interaction among individuals and groups.
- the study of human speech and language
- linguists have been able to trace historical ties between languages and groups of languages thus facilitating the identification of language families and perhaps past relationships between human populations
- Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds.
There are three paradigms:
Anthropological linguistics - Documentation of languages thought at the time to be extinct. This focused on grammatical description and Typological classification.
Ethnography - Focusing mainly on speech. More specifically the speech event., which is a situation in which speech may or may not occur.
Issues studied via data and linguistic methods - Investigation of social identities, broadly shared ideologies, and the construction and uses of narrative in interaction among individuals and groups.
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Cultural (Social) Anthropology
Cultural Anthropology is the study of cultural variation among humans. It is mostly studied and researched through the use of observation, interviews, and surveys.
Social Anthropology is studied under the same heading as Cultural Anthropology in the United States but across the United Kingdom and much of Europe it is it's own separate branch of Anthropology. Social Anthropology mainly concerns how humans interacted socially over long periods of time and in many different places. This includes social practices such as childrearing, gender relations, laws, customs, economics, and any other social interaction that people engaged in.
Social Anthropology is studied under the same heading as Cultural Anthropology in the United States but across the United Kingdom and much of Europe it is it's own separate branch of Anthropology. Social Anthropology mainly concerns how humans interacted socially over long periods of time and in many different places. This includes social practices such as childrearing, gender relations, laws, customs, economics, and any other social interaction that people engaged in.
Physical Anthropology
Physical anthropology (aka biological anthropology) is the study of human biology in the framework of evolution along with the interaction between biology and culture.
Physical anthropology covers topicas like...
Physical anthropology covers topicas like...
- Genetics
- Evolutionary biology
- Nutrition
- Physiological adaptation
- Growth
- Development
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